Yes, in order to become VCP you have to meet all the requirements, which include the course (see VCP5-DCV).
However, you don't need to attend a course for each new version. VMware usually gives existing VCP's the chance - for a limited time - to upgrade their existing certification by just passing the exam, without the need of another training once a new version is released.
If you are going to pay for the training by yourself, you may wnat to check whether you qualify for a training at a college/university (see http://www.vmware.com/partners/programs/vap/academy-program-participants.html for a participating academies)
André